基于神经网络的污水处理指标软测量研究

污水处理厂目前广泛使用序批式活性污泥法.该方法处理污水过程是一种典型的复杂动态生物反应工程系统,具有非线性、时变性、随机性和不确定性等特点,难以建立准确的数学模型.同时,该方法的污水处理指标在线测量仪表价格昂贵.为从工程应用角度将人工神经网络软测量方法应用于污水水质指标的实时检测,分别建立BP神经网络和RBF神经网络污水指标软测量模型.仿真结果表明,建立的神经网络软测量模型能很好地实现污水处理指标的COD、BOD、N等参数的实时测量和估计,为污水指标的实时检测提供了新的思路.     

膨润土对Pb^2＋、Cu^2＋、Cr^3＋的吸附动力学及等温线研究

研究所用膨润土的主要成分为SiO2和Al2O3，属于Ca基膨润土，BET表面积为50．83m^2／g。在恒温及恒定pH条件下，用静态吸附法研究了膨润土对Pb^2＋、Cu^2＋、Cr^3＋的吸附特性，结果表明其较好地符合Lagergren二级吸附速率方程，对这3种离子的吸附速率为Pb^2＋〉Cu^2＋〉Cr^3＋。利用3种等温线方程对吸附过程进行拟合，发现利用Langmuir吸附等温方程计算的值与膨润土吸附Pb^2＋、Cu^2＋、Cr^3＋试验数据最为吻合。膨润土对3种金属离子的平衡吸附量为Cr^3＋〉Cu^2＋〉Pb^2＋。     

小麦蛋白翻译起始因子5A(eIF5A)表达载体构建及原核表达

真核生物的翻译起始因子5A(eIF5A)是调控生物生长发育、衰老及环境适应等的重要因子.在对小麦eIF5A基因进行克隆和序列分析的基础上,成功构建了小麦蛋白翻译起始因子5A(eIF5A)的表达载体pET28a( )-eIF5A,并且经IPTG的诱导进行了原核表达,结果表明,eIF5A能够体外高效表达;进一步的Western blot分析表明,所表达的约18×103特异蛋白确为小麦eIF5A蛋白.图4参19     

铁岭市2015—2018年大气颗粒物PM2.5潜在源区分析

了解大气污染物的潜在源区分布对制定污染物减排措施至关重要.本文采用HYSPLIT模型,模拟出抵达铁岭市地区72 h的主要气流轨迹,结合铁岭市2015—2018年PM_2.5逐小时浓度数据资料,采用CWT方法（concentration-weighted trajectory method）对铁岭市PM_2.5潜在源区浓度进行了分析,在此基础上,提出了PCWT方法（percentage concentration-weighted trajectory method）,对铁岭市地区PM_2.5潜在源区浓度占比及传输过程进行了定量分析.研究表明,铁岭市PM_2.5来源呈现出不同的季节特征：春季PM_2.5主要来源于铁岭市西北和南部地区,夏季PM_2.5主要来源于铁岭市南部地区,秋季PM_2.5主要来源于铁岭市西北部及东北部地区,冬季PM_2.5主要来源于铁岭市西北部及铁岭市周边地区.铁岭市PM_2.5主要来源于3个方向,其中来自铁岭西北方向的源区贡献值4年平均占比27.36%、东北方向占18.51%、西南方向占15.73%;铁岭及周边城市、吉林省松嫩平原、科尔沁沙地以及辽宁中部城市群、环渤海湾地区是铁岭市PM_2.5的主要国内源区;俄罗斯、蒙古、朝鲜是铁岭市PM_2.5的主要国外源区,且近几年有增加趋势.研究成果对建立铁岭市生态环境管控分区,制定有效防治大气污染措施有重要的科学支撑作用.     

水环境中溴化1-烷基-3-甲基咪唑类离子液体与胸腺嘧啶相互作用体系的计算研究

溴化咪唑类离子液体的生物小分子作用机制亟待探索.本文采用M06-2X/6-311++G（2d,p）/PCM/water理论方法计算了研究胸腺嘧啶（T）与溴化1-烷基-3-甲基咪唑类离子液体（[C_nmim]Br,n=2、4、6、8、10）相互作用形成的T-[C_nmim]⁺、T-Br^-、T-[C_nmim]Br和T-2[C_nmim]Br体系的结构和能量学特征.结果表明T与阴阳离子间形成典型构型的稳定顺序是：共面 < 垂直 < 堆积（T-[C_nmim]⁺）,top < front（T-Br^-）,T-[C_nmim]⁺ < T-Br^- < T-[C_nmim]Br < T-2[C_nmim]Br.T与Br^-之间的氢键作用与咪唑阳离子伴随弱氢键的堆积环境更有利,阳离子烷基链长影响不明显.在堆积构型中胸腺嘧啶与咪唑阳离子以π-π⁺色散吸引为主,并伴随C-H…O和C-H…π弱氢键作用,部分碱基电子转移至阳离子（π→π⁺）,其NBO分析显示稳定化能主要来自π→π^+*（ΣE_π→π+*²）轨道作用的贡献;T与Br^-之间以静电吸引为主,溴离子向胸腺嘧啶转移电子,稳定化能源于lp_Br→σ_N-H^*.     

Comparison of in vitro digestion methods for determining bioaccessibility of Hg in rice of China

Rice consumption can be a major pathway for mercury(Hg) exposure, which can cause health hazards to Chinese residents. To accurately assess the potential health risks, the bioaccessibility of Hg in rice samples collected at background and Hg-contamination sites was examined using four in vitro methods. The results showed that 50% of the total mercury(THg) was bioaccessible in the studied rice samples. The THg bioaccessibility in the rice samples collected at the Hg-contaminated site was higher than that observed at the background area. The bioaccessibility of arsenic(As) and cadmium(Cd) was also evaluated for comparison of the four in vitro methods used in this study. The Physiologically Based Extraction Test was found to be the most accurate method based on the consistency of the results compared to those reported in previous studies. The estimated daily intakes of THg via rice consumption using the bioaccessibility data were found to meet the recommendation value set by the JECFA and the WHO in both sites. However, the potential health risk was not negligible at the Hg-contaminated sites, due to the high THg concentration and bioaccessibility in the rice samples.     

Production of ammonia from plasma-catalytic decomposition of urea: Effects of carrier gas composition

Effects of carrier gas composition(N_2/air) on NH_3 production, energy efficiency regarding NH_3 production and byproducts formation from plasma-catalytic decomposition of urea were systematically investigated using an Al_2 O_3-packed dielectric barrier discharge(DBD) reactor at room temperature. Results show that the presence of O_2 in the carrier gas accelerates the conversion of urea but leads to less generation of NH_3. The final yield of NH_3 in the gas phase decreased from 70.5%, 78.7%, 66.6% and 67.2% to 54.1%, 51.7%, 49.6% and 53.4% for applied voltages of 17, 19, 21 and 23 kV, respectively when air was used as the carrier gas instead of N_2.From the viewpoint of energy savings, however, air carrier gas is better than N_2 due to reduced energy consumption and increased energy efficiency for decomposition of a fixed amount of urea. Carrier gas composition has little influence on the major decomposition pathways of urea under the synergetic effects of plasma and Al_2 O_3 catalyst to give NH_3 and CO_2 as the main products. Compared to a small amount of N_2 O formed with N_2 as the carrier gas, however,more byproducts including N_2O and NO_2 in the gas phase and NH_4 NO_3 in solid deposits were produced with air as the carrier gas, probably due to the unproductive consumption of NH_3, the possible intermediate HNCO and even urea by the abundant active oxygen species and nitrogen oxides generated in air-DBD plasma.     

Low-temperature conversion of ammonia to nitrogen in water with ozone over composite metal oxide catalyst

As one of the most important water pollutants, ammonia nitrogen emissions have increased year by year, which has attracted people's attention. Catalytic ozonation technology, which involves production of ·OH radical with strong oxidation ability, is widely used in the treatment of organic-containing wastewater. In this work, MgO-Co_3O_4 composite metal oxide catalysts prepared with different fabrication conditions have been systematically evaluated and compared in the catalytic ozonation of ammonia(50 mg/L) in water. In terms of high catalytic activity in ammonia decomposition and high selectivity for gaseous nitrogen, the catalyst with MgO-Co_3O_4 molar ratio 8:2, calcined at 500°C for 3 hr, was the best one among the catalysts we tested, with an ammonia nitrogen removal rate of 85.2% and gaseous nitrogen selectivity of44.8%. In addition, the reaction mechanism of ozonation oxidative decomposition of ammonia nitrogen in water with the metal oxide catalysts was discussed. Moreover, the effect of coexisting anions on the degradation of ammonia was studied, finding that SO_2-4 and HCO-3 could inhibit the catalytic activity while CO_2-3 and Br-could promote it. The presence of coexisting cations had very little effect on the catalytic ozonation of ammonia nitrogen. After five successive reuses, the catalyst remained stable in the catalytic ozonation of ammonia.     

污水处理厂N2O的释放特征和减排途径研究

温室气体N2O含量的增加对气候变化产生显著影响,针对污水处理行业N2O减排控制的发展趋势与需求,以典型污水生物处理工艺为对象,对N2O产生机理、释放特征和核算、影响因素进行了综述和分析.研究表明,污水处理厂N2O的释放主要来自生物脱氮过程的硝化阶段和反硝化阶段,不同污水处理厂的N2O释放因子和释放特征不同.DO、温度和C/N是影响N2O释放的主要因素,最后从污水处理厂工艺运行和水质调控角度提出了具有可操作性的N2O减排途径与方法.     

超高效液相色谱-串联四级杆质谱法快速测定阿特拉津、甲萘威、微囊藻毒素LR、丙烯酰胺和联苯胺

以地表水环境质量标准为依据,建立了直接进样-超高效液相色谱-串联四级杆质谱法快速同时测定地表水中阿特拉津、甲萘威、微囊藻毒素LR、联苯胺和丙烯酰胺的方法。水样采集后经0．22μm滤膜过滤后直接进样,使用C18反相柱为分离柱,柱温40℃,流速0．2 ml/min,乙腈和甲酸水(0．1%)作为流动相,采用梯度洗脱,串联质谱采用MRM模式,使用ESI(+)源电离水样,每个样品分析时间仅需2．5 min。五种物质检出限为0．0001~0．0003 mg/L,加标回收率为80．0%~118．9%,满足国家标准要求。针对地表水所需检测项目进行优化,提高了实验室水质检测效率,同时测定多组分且分析时间短,适用于地表水中相关项目的监测。